|
The World War II persecution of Serbs, also known as the Serbian Genocide,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://combatgenocide.org/?page_id=86 )〕 refers to the widespread genocidal persecution of Serbs that included extermination, expulsions and forced religious conversions of large numbers of ethnic Serbs by the Ustaše regime in the Independent State of Croatia, and also the atrocities carried out by Albanian collaborators and Axis occupying forces during World War II. The number of Serbs persecuted by the Ustaše is very high, but the exact extent is the subject of much debate and estimates vary widely. Yad Vashem estimates over 500,000 murdered, 250,000 expelled and 200,000 forcibly converted to Catholicism.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Shoah Resource Center - Yad Vashem )〕 The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum has estimated that Ustaša authorities murdered between 320,000 and 340,000 ethnic Serb residents of Croatia and Bosnia between 1941 and 1945 (the period of Ustaše rule), of whom between 45,000 and 52,000 were murdered at the Jasenovac concentration camp alone.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jasenovac )〕 According to the Federal Institute for Statistics in Belgrade, the "actual" figure of the casulties suffered within Yugoslavia's border of war-related causes during the second world war was ca. 597,323 deaths. Of these, 346,740 were Serbs and 83,257 were Croats. ==Background== In April 1941, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was invaded by the Axis powers. Subsequently, the newly created Axis puppet state known as the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) implemented genocidal policies against its Serb, Jews and Romanis. The NDH utilized the Ustaše movement to persecute Serbs by killing thousands of them and forcing large numbers of people to convert to the Roman Catholic faith. The ideology of the Ustaše movement was a blend of Nazism and Croatian nationalism. The Ustaše supported the creation of a Greater Croatia that would span to the River Drina and to the outskirts of Belgrade.〔Viktor Meier. ''Yugoslavia: a history of its demise.'' English edition. London, UK: Routledge, 1999, p. 125.〕 The movement emphasized the need for a racially "pure" Croatia and promoted the extermination of Serbs, Jews〔Tomasevich (2001), pp. 351–52〕 and Gypsies.〔Bernd Jürgen Fischer (ed.). ''Balkan strongmen: dictators and authoritarian rulers of South Eastern Europe''. Purdue University Press, 2007. p. 207.〕 A major ideological influence on the Croatian nationalism of the Ustaše was the 19th-century nationalist Ante Starčević.〔Fischer 2007, p. 207.〕 Starčević was an advocate of Croatian unity and independence and was both anti-Habsburg and anti-Serb.〔 He envisioned the creation of a Greater Croatia that would include territories inhabited by Bosniaks, Serbs, and Slovenes, considering Bosniaks and Serbs as Croats who had been converted to Islam and Orthodox Christianity and considering the Slovenes to be "mountain Croats".〔 He argued that the large Serb presence in territories claimed by a Greater Croatia was the result of recent settlement, encouraged settlement by Habsburg rulers, and influx of groups like Vlachs who took up Orthodox Christianity and identified themselves as Serbs.〔Fischer 2007, pp. 207–08.〕 The Ustaše used Starčević's theories to promote the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia and recognized Croatia as having two major ethnocultural components: Catholic Croats and "Muslim Croats",〔Butić-Jelić, Fikreta. Ustaše i Nezavisna Država Hrvatska 1941–1945. Liber, 1977〕 as the Ustaše saw the Islam of the Bosnian-Muslims as a religion which "keeps true the blood of Croats."〔 Armed struggle, genocide and terrorism were glorified by the group.〔Djilas, p. 114.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「World War II persecution of Serbs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|